New and interesting moths from the East Palaearctic ( Lepidoptera : Tineidae ) Contribution to the knowledge Eastern Palaearctic insects ( 11 )

The results of the study of unidentified material from the Russian Far East and from Japan are presented. The following new species are described: Dryadaula ussurica, D. multifurcata, Nemapogon robusta, N. echinata, N. agnathosella, Agnathosia chasanica, Eudarcia ronata, E. sinjovi, E. dentata, Crypsithyris saigusai, Monopis zagulajevi. Morophagaparabucephala PONOMARENKO & PARK, 1996 is placed in the synonymy of M. bucephala (SNELLEN, 1884). The species orientanus PONOMARENKO & PARK, 1996, described in the genus Ceratuncus, is attributed to the genus Triaxomasia, the species orbiculidomus (Sakai & Saigusa, 1999) described in the genus Obesoceras, is attributed to the genus Eudarcia (new combination). A catalogue of the species from the Russian Far East and from Japan is given.

Through the courtesy o f several colleagues I received an extensive material from the East Palaearctic.The scientific staff o f the Lepidoptera section of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg, Mr. A. K. Zagu l a y e v and S. Y u .Sin jo v , kind ly made it possible for me to study their collection of unidentified Tineidae from the Far East.Additionally I could check further material from this region housed in the collections of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy in Novosibirsk, collected by Mr. V. V. D u b a tolo v , kindly forwarded to me by the Zoological Museum Helsinki (Mr. J. Jala v a and J. K a ila).From Japan I included numerous specimens collected by Mr. T. Sa ig u s a .Finally I added some Far Eastern material, which I had examined already in the past.The examination of this complete material results in the identification of several so far un known species and in the presentation o f new and additional records for Eastern Palaearctic taxa. A. D. LISTON (Frontenhausen) kindly corrected the English of the manuscript.

Diagnosis
Wingspan 11-12 mm; head pale yellow, somewhat darker above the neck; inner side of the palpi pale yellow, outer side with darker scales, second segment with elongate scales; antennae ringed, darker, scape as light as the head; thorax and tegulae dark greyish brown; forewing light grey with dark pattern: at 2/3 o f the costal margin a broad dark stripe almost extending to the posterior margin (= dorsum), stripe strongly fading before the posterior margin, dark close to the apex, preapical area light, ciliae dark intermixed with few light ones; a further wide dark spot at 1/2 of the posterior margin, the other light area with numerous scattered darker scales.c? genitalia (fig.5-7): Uncus terminated with two setaceaous socii, tegumen narrow, vinculum wide, evenly rounded; anellus complex compact, with four appendices: two are narrow with pointed tips, one is narrower with a rounded tip, and one nearly triangularly shaped with a pointed tip; valvae strongly asymmetrical, the left valva smaller with the basal part rounded, elongate to an appendix bearing broad multi-spined scales, the right valva long and narrower, its appendix long, parallel-sided, rounded distally and also bearing multi-spined scales; aedoeagus small, with a wide base, simply tubular, solidly connected to the right valva; last stemite with a disctinctive sclerotization which is typical for the genus.¥ genitalia (fig.8): Ovipositor short as is typical for the genus, terminated with two setaceaous papillae; ostium area confined by two groups of short spines, ostium at the posterior margin with numerous short spines, proximal margin more sclerotized.
The new species resembles caucasica and zinica (both described from the Caucasian range) in its color pattern.However, there are distinct differences in the morphology of the male genitalia.The species name refers to the striking morphology of the anellus-complex.

Diagnosis
Wingspan 12 mm; head white, palpi on the inner side white, outer side with several brown scales; thorax white, on the posterior margin with brown scales; forewing white with the color pattern characteristic for the genus: along costal margin between base and apex six brown ribbon-like stripes: one at 1/2 being brown and somewhat oblique extending to the mid of the wing, the other ones short and brown along the costal margin at the base, at 1/4, at 3/4, and immediately before the apex and at the apex; at the base and in the middle of the ciliae a brown line, some light-brown scales scattered at the posterior margin and all over the wing, a" genitalia (fig.12-16): Uncus widely truncate, in the middle slightly notched, widely roun ded, arms of gnathos with a wide base, angularly protruding on the ventral face, slightly bent, sharply pointed, saccus narrow and comparatively long; valvae stout and robust, with a wide base and a long transtilla, corpus valvae terminating in strongly sclerotized tips, which are bent laterally, tips pointed or somewhat blunt, digitus projecting beyond the tip of the valva, widely rounded; anellus with round setaceous sides and with pointed tips, the different shape depends on the preparation (fig.13,15-16); aedoeagus twice as long as the valva, articulated medially, with very thin and short spines in the vesica.?genitalia (fig.23): Apophysae terminating in a sclerotized plate, which is connected to the margin of the ostium; ostium with a long medial process bearing setae; the first part of the ductus bursae more sclerotized, terminating in a ring; ductus bursae medially with a ring consisting of rows of small scale-like thorns, which is characteristic for almost all species of the genus.
The shape of the ostium of the new species indicates a relationship to the gliriella-group.The morphology of the male genitalia (gnathos, aedoeagus, shape of the valva) is clearly different from all hitherto known species.
The species is named in accordance with the robust shape of the male genitalia.

Diagnosis
Wingspan 11 mm; head white, only posteriorly on the neck with single darker hair-like scales, palpi on the inner side creamy yellow, on the outer side at the base of the segments light brown; antennae white; forewing white with the brown color pattern characteristic for the genus: at 1/2 an oblique and wide brown stripe extending from the costal margin to the middle of the wing, two shorter, wider brown stripes between the base and the stripe at the costal margin, before the apex a brown stripe from costal edge to the cell bent towards the wing base, a small brown stripe before 1/2 extending from the posterior margin obliquely up to the first stripe, apex and the basis of ciliae brown.d" genitalia (fig.17-19): Margin of tegumen widely truncate, subtruncate medially, laterally terminating in an appendix covered by short spines; arms of the gnathos with a wide base, semicircularly bent, saccus short and narrow; valva with proximal margin wide and strongly sclerotized, transtilla long, corpus valvae terminating in a pointed elongation, digitus narrow and not exceeding the tip of the valva; aedoeagus distinctly longer than valva, with an articu lation at the proximal third.¥: unknown.
As females are still unknown, it is impossible to propose the exact position of the new species within the genus.The presence of the articulation in the aedoeagus indicates a relationship to the gravosaella-group.
The name refers to the spined appendices of the tegumen.

Diagnosis
Wingspan ca. 12 mm; head light pale yellow, palpi with darker scales on their outer side; forewing pale yellow with light to dark brown pattern, which is characteristic for the genus: ©www.senckenberg.de/;download www.contributions-to-entomology.org/four dark brown short and wide stripes at the costal margin distal of the base, at 1/3, distal of 1/2, and at the apex; the stripe distal of 1/2 extending towards the cell; the distal third of the wing overlaid with numerous light brown scales, cell partly with light brown areas, o' genitalia (fig.20-22): Tegumen and vinculum narrowly clasp-shaped, saccus very long and narrow, outline resembling the proximal margin of the vinculum; uncus consisting of two separated socii, socii with a widely rounded basis and elongate tips bearing spines; valva short, stout, shape almost quadrangular with the distal margin almost perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, digitus inserted close to the base of the valva and not projecting beyond the valva, transtilla long; aedoeagus little longer than the whole genitalia, with an articulation at 1/4.?: unknown.P eter sen (1983) treated the costal folding of the valvae and the presence o f the digitus as apomorphies of Nemapogon.These characters are also present in the new species.However, the absence of the gnathos and the different shape of the uncus-tegumen complex strikingly discern the new species from all the other representatives of the genus.These characters are to be assessed as autapomorphies of the species, and they are possibly suitable for a future subgeneric division.The erection of a subgenus will only be possible if a synapomorphy for the other species included in Nemapogon can be presented.
The name of the new species refers to the absence of the gnathos.
Triaxomasia orienianus (PONOMARENKO & PARK, 1996), comb.n. diately preapical spot and an area extending from the wing base along the posterior margin up to the ciliae are also pale yellow; ciliae light, intermixed with dark scales in the middle of the distal margin and at the apex.o' genitalia (fig.29-30): Tegumen dish-shaped, uncus missing, vinculum narrow, ribbon shaped, saccus very long and narrow, round termination; valva with a long transtilla; corpus valvae with a longitudinal suture, distally deeply incised, costal part with a tip bearing setae, ventral part narrower, the narrow tip smooth and more sclerotized; anellus dish-shaped, aedoeagus longer than valva, slightly bent.?: unknown.
The new species resembles mendicella in the color pattern, but it is rather different in the genitalia morphology: the uncus is absent, the saccus is very long and the shape of the valva is narrower.
The species name is derived from type locality.
Without any doubt the following four species belong to Eudarcia.However, the identification of their exact position within Eudarcia will only be possible after examination of all repre sentatives of the genus.

Diagnosis
Wingspan 8-9 mm; head yellowish brown; antennae and thorax dark brown; forewing dark brown with white pattern showing some sex-specific differences: d": a stripe at the costal margin at 1/4 extending to the posterior margin, the stripe being narrowed and somewhat displaced medially; at 1/2 a thin stripe extending up to the cell and converging with an other stripe extending from the posterior margin to the cell; at 2/3 a slightly bent thin stripe almost reaching the posterior margin; before the apex a small white spot; ?: the stripe at 1/4 throughout of even width; the stripes at 1/2 almost touching each other; before the apex instead of the spot occurring in the d a thin, slightly curved stripe extending up to the posterior margin, at the apex a small white spot.c genitalia (fig.24-26): Uncus widely rounded, vinculum with a small bluntly terminated saccus; the sides of the tegumen with two appendices towards the inner side, appendices covered by numerous spines of various lengths; valvae broad, almost parallel-sided, lower side curved medially, apex widely rounded, below the costal margin at Vz and at the distal margin each a lobate structure (the different shape and position depending on the preparation); anellus resembling a large hook, solidly connected to the transtilla; aedoeagus short, without comuti.¥ genitalia (fig.27): Apophyses not forked, ostium plate rounded triangularly, more sclerotized, proximal margin of the last tergite also more sclerotized, laterally to the ostium a tubular and wrinkled structure.
Biology: Some of the moths have been reared from larvae, which were collected from lichens growing on a tree trunk.
In its color pattern the new species is similar to the species hitherto combined with Meessia.
However, the morphology of the male genitalia is quite different (broad valvae, spined lateral appendices of the tegumen).
The species name refers to the ornamental color pattern.

Diagnosis
Wingspan 7-8 mm; head and palpi white, antennae ringed, thorax and tegulae white, tegulae overlaid by dark scales; forewing white with brown pattern along the base of the costal margin, proximal of 1/2 and at 3/4 with transverse stripes extending to the posterior margin, the distal stripe indistinctly defined; in the basal quarter and close to the apex each a small brown spot, short brown stripes at the costal margin between the medial band and the apex; on the ciliae a thin brown strip; some specimens are more light colored with the dark pattern being light brown.d" genitalia (fig.31-34): Uncus with two short and pointed socii, vinculum with a narrow saccus, without incisions at the posterior margin, the unpaired spined structure round; valva with a large transtilla, with broad basal part, parallel-sided in the basal half, narrowing distad, preapical ventral margin concave up to the blunt tip, costal margin throughout slightly convex; aedoeagus as long as the valva, with a large and slender comutus; comutus slightly bent and partly widened at the basal third, shape somewhat variable.¥ genitalia (fig.35): Apophyses dorsally connected by a transverse branch, the latter in the middle extending to a forked appendix; ostium ring-shaped, the first part of the ductus bursae slightly widened, more sclerotized, with an area of small triangular spines.
Biology: For detailed information (description of larva, pupa) see original description.
According to the color pattern of the wings and to the genitalia morphology the species belongs to the subgenus Obesoceras, however, the females are lacking a signum.E. japonica differs from the species with a simple valva without additional spines (hedemanni, graeca) in the absence of incisions in the vinculum.
The species is transferred into the genus Eudarcia, because Obesoceras is a synonym of that genus.The holotype is deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 5 paratypes in the collection T. Sa ig u s a , 3 paratypes in the collection of the DEI Eberswalde.

Diagnosis
Wingspan 6-8 mm; head creamy yellow, the sides above the eyes dark brown; antennae ringed, scape unicolorous creamy yellow; palpi dark on the outer side and creamy yellow on the inner side; thorax dark; forewing light with dark pattern: at the costal edge seven short dark stripes between the dark basis and the dark apex, the stripes at 1/2 and at 2/3 being a little wider and extend almost up to the posterior margin, the whole outer margin up to the apex and several spots on the wing are dark, too; ciliae with a dark medial band; in generally more light specimens (faded collection material?) the dark pattern is yellowish brown, o' genitalia (fig.36-38): Uncus strongly elongate, and truncate distally; tegumen and vinculum without morphological specialization, saccus narrow and terminating roundly, on the inner side of the tegumen two areas covered by setae; valva with a broad, more sclerotized basal margin and with a large transtilia; corpus valvae with slightly convex costal margin and with concave lower margin, narrowed towards the rounded tip, lower preapical margin edged, shape of the whole valve more or less triangular; aedoeagus longer than valva, bent basally, parallel-sided, with a small spinous comutus.¥ genitalia (fig.39): Apophyses connected clasp-like, elongated into two appendices; ostium and the first part of the ductus bursae more sclerotized, in the ductus bursae a small additional sclerotization, bursae with two signa, which bear many short spines.
Biology: The larvae were found on lichens on stones.Examined material: 3 cf a", Holotype, Kyushu, Kumamotojo, Kumamoto, VII.1970, [leg.]T. Sa ig u s a , genital prep.R. G a ed ik e N o.4592; paratypes; 1 cf, with identical collecting data mounted together with the holotype; 1 cf, from the same collecting site, 22.VII.1970,[leg.]T. SAIGUSA.All specimens were reared from larvae: "feed on lichen on stones".The holo-and 1 paratype are deposited in the collection T. Sa ig u s a , Fukuoka, 1 paratype in the collection o f the DEI Eberswalde.

Diagnosis
Wingspan 8 mm; head creamy yellow; antennae ringed, scape creamy yellow; thorax light close to the head, otherwise dark brown; the inner side of the palpi light, the outer side dark; forewing light with dark pattern: dark brown are: the base of the costal margin, a band each at 1/3 and 2/3 extending obliquely from the costal margin towards the cell, an indistincly delimited area at the posterior margin extending from the base up to the ciliae, and the whole outer margin, a dark medial stripe of the ciliae; the light areas are interrupted by numerous smaller dark stripes.
d genitalia (fig.40-41): Tegumen broad and bowl-like, without a distinct uncus and without socii, vinculum narrow and somewhat widened laterally, saccus short, edged, pointed distally; valvae bearing a large forked transtilla, long, parallel-sided, widely blunt termination, with small spines distally, at the ventral preapical margin with a long and more sclerotized tooth; aedoeagus significantly longer than valva, with a small triangular spine at the outer side of the truncate end.?: unknown.Biology: The larvae were found on lichens on stones.
The new species is quite different from the other Palaearctic members of the genus in the genitalia morphology, but the thickened antennae support their position in Eudarcia.According to the shape of the valvae it is quite similar to Demobrotis incincta MEYRICK described from India (Demobrotis is a synonym o f Eudarcia).
The species name refers to the long tooth on the ventral margin of the valva.

Diagnosis
Wingspan 10 (a"), 11 (? ) mm: head creamy yellow, thorax and tegulae dark greyish brown, intermixed with some lighter scales; antennae of the male longer than the forewing, unicolorous; forewing with clearly visible hyaline spot, next to it a round spot with dark scales, area below the basis of the costal margin also dark; costal margin otherwise creamy yellow, as are the apex, the ciliae, and an other light colored area below the dark area at the base; the other parts of the wing with numerous scattered light scales; on the ciliae two darker strips (in the female more evident than in the male), the coloration in female generally more light than in male; the dark spot next the hyaline spot extending posteriorly like a sickle in the female, o" genitalia (fig.42): Uncus elongated into a curved tip, the gnathos arms broad at the base and rounded distally; vinculum with a comparatively short saccus; valva parallel-sided basally, little widened up to the middle, narrowed from the middle to the blunt tip, costal margin slightly concave, with a blunt process in the middle of the ventral margin; aedoeagus long, with a rounded base, vesica with small blunt sclerotizations.¥ genitalia (fig.43-45): Area around the ostium with a band of long bristles, basal part of the ductus bursae more sclerotized, basal part of the corpus bursae with a broad bowll-like sclerotization, followed by a sclerotized ring bearing bent spines, in the bursa numerous pointed spines with large bases, arranged in an irregular ring-like pattern; the shape of the sclerotization is typical for the genus.
Biology: Pupation in a spun cocoon, the surface of which is densely covered by grains of sand.
The new species is distinctly separated by the genitalia morphology (uncus, valvae) from hoenei and japonica recorded from China and Japan.
The species is dedicated in honour of Mr. T o y o h ei Sa ig u s a , who collected this new species.anterior and medial legs light yellow on the inner side and dark brown on the outer side, tarsomeres light distally, posterior legs uniformly light except for the dark base o f the tarsomeres; forewing dark brown, posterior margin with a wide yellow edge extending up to the apex, yellow edge wider in the proximal half than in the distal; the hyaline spot clearly visible; whole area of the wing with scattered greyish white scales.o" genitalia (fig.46-47): Uncus very narrow and terminated distally in two pointed tips, arms of the gnathos with a wide base and pointed tip; valva elongate, parallel-sided, ventral margin bending up to the wide, blunt tip in the distal quarter, on the inner side distal of the middle with numerous setae directed towards the base; vinculum narrow, saccus very long with a wide base and rounded distally; aedoeagus hardly longer than the saccus, narrowed in the distal third, with numerous very small and with several larger comuti.$ genitalia (fig.48-49): Apophysae not forked, ostium with two lobes covered by many fine and several larger setae; ductus bursae below the ostium with a ring-shaped sclerotization; in the bursa ca.10-15 mostly triangular signa.

Monopis weaverella
The new species is similar to M. flavidorsalis (M a tsu m u r a , 1931) and M. artasyras M e y -RICK, 1931 in its color pattern.Externally it differs from artasyras in the smaller body size, and in the smaller size and the different shape of the yellow stripe on the fore wings.It can be unambiguously distinguished from flavidorsalis by the genitalia morphology: the valva is longer and narrower and has a different outline, the arms of the gnathos are triangular and the strong incision behind the middle is missing; the saccus is evidently longer and is missing an elongate tip; the aedoeagus is hardly longer than the saccus.
The new species is dedicated to Mr. A. K. ZAGULAJEV, in honour o f his numerous contri butions to the Palaearctic Tineidae.