New records and host plants of Symphyta ( Hymenoptera ) for Germany , Berlin and Brandenburg

24 species of sawflies are recorded for the first time in Brandenburg and / or Berlin. Four of these are new records for Germany: Dineura parcivalvis (Konow, 1901), Euura plicadaphnoides (Ko pelke , 2007), Pristiphora angulata LiNDQViST, 1974 and Tenthredo semicolon Mol, 2013. It is not clear whether P. angulata is established in Germany. Empria hungarica (Konow, 1895) is new for Rhineland-Palatinate. The presence of Calameuta punctata in Branden­ burg is confirmed. Dineura testaceipes is removed from the list of Berlin-Brandenburg species. Linum usitatissimum is a new host plant for Rhogogaster chambersi Benson , 1947 and Salix daphnoides for Ametastegia perla (Klug , 1818).


Introduction
During the 19th Century, several entomologists resi dent in what are now the German federal states of Berlin and Brandenburg laid the foundations for studies on the sawfly fauna of these territories.Most prominent among such pioneers were Fried r ic h K lug  and Theodor Ha r t ig , whose taxonomic work was based partly on material obtained in the region.
Although he published little about Symphyta occurring in or around Berlin, Johann P. E. F. Stein (ca.1816-1882, exact dates unclear) continued this tradition by building up and curating the collection at the Museum of Natural History in Berlin.The collection of Fried r ic h Wilh elm Konow , deposited at the Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, also Liston A. D.: Sawflies from Berlin and Brandenburg contains many specimens from Brandenburg.By contrast, after the publication of the important work by C a r l Sch ir m e r (1855-ca. 1919) (Sch ir m e r 1901), investiga tion of the regional fauna was comparatively neglected during much of the 20th Century.Species lists for Berlin Brandenburg by Blan k et al. (1998) and Blan k et al. (2001) drew attention to deficits in the inventory of the fauna.It was accordingly not surprising, that Liston (2006b) was able to present data for 112 species not previ ously recorded in these German federal states.Since the publication of that work, a number of records of further species new to the regional fauna have accumulated.These are presented here, together with data on species previously unconfirmed, that are only known from very old specimens, or for which new observations on host plants have been made.Notes on larval host plants are included when these were not summarised by Ta e g e r et al. (1998) or Liston et al. (2012).

M aterial and methods
If not stated otherwise, specimens were collected and determined by the author and are deposited in the Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg (SDEI).Where other specialists are named as having determined specimens, I checked the identity of these, to the best of my ability.The responsibility for any inaccuracies naturally remains my own.All coordinates (decimal system) are for a central point.The coordinates of localities whose position is fairly precisely known (such as sites ofMalaise traps, small private gardens, and main stems of individual trees or bushes), are given to the fifth decimal place after the degrees, with an accuracy of ±20 m.Coordinates of localities named on data labels are more approximate and given either to three decimal places with an accuracy of ±2 km (mostly own records), or to two decimal places with a notional accu racy of ±5 km (mostly older label data).
Photos were taken with a Leica DFC295 camera attached to an Olympus SZX12 microscope.Composite images with an extended depth of field were created using the software CombineZ5.Contrast and brightness of images was adjusted using the software PhotoImpact XL (Ulead Systems Inc.).
Barcoding of the mitochondrial CO1 gene of Dineura species was undertaken by the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding (CCDB).DNA extraction from a single leg of each adult specimen was followed by PCR amplifica tion and sequencing using standardised high-throughput protocols (Ivanova et al. 2006, D eWa a r d et al. 2008).The DNA extracts are stored at the CCDB, the vouchers at the SDEI.Sequences were aligned using the BOLD (Barcoding of Life Data Systems) Aligner.Genetic distances were calculated using analytical tools in BOLD, applying the Kimura 2-parameter model, and the interspecific diver gence given as the minimum pair-wise distance.

Results
The order of families follows B la n k et al. (2001).Genera and species are listed alphabetically.Nomenclature is after Liston et al. (2012), modified for the Nematinae following P rous et al. (2014).Names of species recorded for the first time from Berlin-Brandenburg are preceded by an asterisk (*).
*Am etastegiaperla (Klug, 1818) Brandenburg: 1 ?, Müncheberg, ZALF Gelände, 52.515°N 14.115°E, reared from Salix daphnoides, larva collected 29.06.2014,leg.M. Prous.S. daphnoides is a new host plant record for this species.(Klug, 1818) Brandenburg: 1 S, Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland, Müncheberg, 52.50556°N 14.12648°E, Hausgarten, 11.10.2013(Servrle, 1823) Brandenburg: 1 ?, Landkreis Barnim, Eberswalde, Waldstraße, garden and woodland edge, 52.82620°N 13.84100°E, Malaise trap, 03-10.08.2002, leg. A. Taeger.*Dineuraparcivalvis (Konow, 1901) Brandenburg: 2 ?, Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland, Waldsieversdorf, 52.548°N 14.065°E, 19/25.05.2006, swept from Prunus padus.First record from Germany.These specimens were identified by Liston (2006b) as D. testaceipes (Klug).M uch e (1968) also recorded D. testaceipes from Brandenburg.Although it is highly probable that D. testaceipes does occur here, no voucher specimens have so far been examined.Accordingly, D. testaceipes is deleted from the faunal list of Berlin Brandenburg.D. parcivalvis und D. testaceipes are morphologically very similar, although Lindq v ist (1955,1972) noted conspicuous differences in the structure of the male penis valves.I had no males of D. parcivalvis available for examination.The most reliable single external charac ter for distinguishing females seems to be the length of the antenna and proportions of the flagellomeres, at least in European specimens.However, two females in the SDEI from the Russian Far East, with characters that otherwise fit D. testaceipes, have more slender flagellomeres, like D. parcivalvis.The body colour of D. parcivalvis females is always relatively pale, with the abdomen underside exten sively pale (yellow).The coloration of D. testaceipes varies much more than in D. parcivalvis, but most specimens of the former are darker than the latter.Most D. testaceipes imagines from northern Europe can be identified using only colour characters: the underside of the abdomen is usually nearly entirely dark (black / dark brown).On the other hand, some Austrian individuals reared from Sorbus aucuparia have been examined, that are just as pale as D. parcivalvis.Other characters mentioned by Lindqvist seem less useful.The presence or absence of vein 2r-rs in the fore wing is certainly not a good character: this varies in both species.There is indeed a slight difference in the sculpture of the upper head, particularly on the temples, but this is difficult to judge without direct comparison of both species.The colour of the pterostigma, as mentioned by Lindq v ist (1955), seems to be of help in identifica tion, but this needs to be checked in a greater number of specimens.Provisionally, females can be distinguished as follows:

Pristiphora w esm aeli(TiSCHBEiN, 1853)
Brandenburg: 1 ?, Landkreis Barnim, Ziethen, Grumsiner Forst, Langer Berg, 52 Rhogogaster chambersi Benson, 1947 Brandenburg: 7 larvae, 10-15 mm long, Landkreis Märkisch-Oderland, Müncheberg, Trebnitz, Schlag Dachsberge, 52.526°N 14.241°E, 28.06.2015feeding on oilseed flax, Linum usitatissimum subsp.usitatissimum L. variety "Lirina".The larvae were observed in hot, sunny conditions during the early afternoon.They are solitary.Some were found at rest, coiled on the leaf underside; smaller ones fed on leaf margins, whereas larger ones (Figs 7-8), probably in their final feeding instar, moved around a lot and mainly consumed leaves from the tip, but seldom ate more than about a quarter of the leaf.Because only seven larvae were found during a slightly more than two hour-long visual search of plants in a small area at the corner of the field (total area planted with Linum: 62.1 ha), R. chambersi cannot be stated to have been causing any significant damage to the part of the crop in which it was found.The larva and its behaviour have already been described in considerable detail by C h a m b ers (1951)  * Pamphilius pallipes (Zetterstedt, 1838) Brandenburg: 1 ?, Landkreis Barnim, Eberswalde, Finow, 52.84°N 13.74°E, 25.05.1986, leg. A. Taeger (in coll. South Central Forestry University, Changsha, China).

Cephidae
Calameutapunctata (Klug, 1803) Brandenburg  1978), but this status requires confirmation.North of the Alps, the German localities seem to be the most westerly so far recorded.Males of C. punctata are much rarer than females in the northern parts of its range, and have for example not been found in Finland at all (Viita sa a r i 1984).

Allantusm elanarius
as A. clavicornis expansa by W. H. Muche.This species occurs very locally in Central Europe and is generally rarely recorded.Schedl & A lten h o fer (2013) presented valuable new data on its larva.
*Tenthredo ignobilisKlug, 1817*Tenthredo semicolonMol, 2013Diprionidae M icrodiprionpallipes(Fallen, 1808) Líston, A. D.: Sawflies from Berlin and Brandenburg Alopecurus pratensis agg.; one of them while in the net still ovipositing in a portion of broken stem.Calameuta punctata was mentioned as occurring in Germany by L isto n et al. (2012), without any further details, based on specimens collected in recent years by Mr Ewald Jan sen in Saxony.Although the type locality of the species is Germany, probably Berlin-Brandenburg (K lug 1803), the taxon was not mentioned in the check lists by Blan k et al. (1998) and B la n k et al. (2001).Alopecurus pratensis is the only recorded host (Vik b e r g Özb e k 2010), and sporadically through much of central and eastern Europe (Ta e g e r et al. 2006), reaching the Lake Ladoga Region of Russia (Hum a la & Polevoi 2011) and southern Finland (Viit a s a a r i 1984) in the North.Ta e g e r et al. (2006) listed C. punctata from Spain, citing the records by Llorente & G ayu bo (1990) under the name C. pravei (Dovnar-Z a p o l s k ij, 1926).C. pravei was treated as a synonym of C. punctata by Z om bori 1978: as Calameuta filum (Gu ss a k o v sk ij, 1935)).The worldwide distribution extends westwards from Irkutsk in southern Siberia (Viit a s a a r i 1975), through Uzbeki stan, Kasachstan (Zh elo c h o v t sev & Z in o v je v 1996), the Caucasus (Viit a s a a r i 1975), Turkey (Qa lm a su r & Liston et al. (2012)n, whether Pristiphora angulata is actually established in Germany.Attempts to find the species on planted Spiraea in Berlin-Brandenburg during early 2015 did not yield any specimens.At present, I consider it premature to formally add P. angulata to the list of sawflies occurring in Germany.If found to be established, P. angulata would be one of only six neozoon sawfly species recorded in the country (four species so characterised byListon et al. (2012), and Aproceros leucopoda subsequently added by B l a n k et al. (2014)).In analogy with Coleophora spiraeella (Re b e l , 1916) (Lepidoptera), which also has Spiraea chamaedryfolia as a main host, it would be worthwhile searching for P. angulata in and near the Oberlausitz (Saxony), where C. spiraeella has been recorded (Leutsch 2001).B la n k et al. (2001) and Liston (2006b) recorded a total of 467 species of Symphyta in Berlin-Branden burg.Blan k et al. (2014) added Aproceros leucopoda Ta k e u c h i, 1939.With the addition here of 24 species newly recorded (excluding Pristiphora angulata) and three confirmed, and the deletion of Dineura testaceipes, 494 species are now recorded in these provinces.This represents approximately 65 % of the total of 758 species currently recorded in Germany.Of the species newly recorded in Brandenburg, or here confirmed, Calameuta punctata is noteworthy because it is one of the small number of sawfly species which have CONTRIBUTIONS TO ENTOMOLOGY : BEITRÄGE ZUR ENTOMOLOGIE -65 (2) 383-391 a mainly eastern distribution in Europe, and in Germany are so far only recorded from the extreme East of the country.Other such species which occur in Branden burg are Caenocephus lunulatus (Stro b l, 1895), Corynis amoena (Klug, 1834) and Nematus lucens (En sl in , 1918).Dineura parcivalvis may have a similar distribu tion, based on what is so far known, or could have been overlooked in territories further west because it has been confused with D. testaceipes.
X. megapolitana was not listed from Berlin-Brandenburg by B l a n k et al.(2001).However, a record of a female collected in 1900 by Oldenburg in "Berlin (Finkenkrug)" [now Brandenburg, Kreis Havelland, Falkensee] has already been published by Jansen(1987).